Untangle The Confusing Web That Is Canada’s Disability Policy

At a recent Senate committee hearing on the Disability Tax Credit (DTC) and the Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP), the father of a child with autism made a heartfelt plea and a chilling statement:

“We are impacted by the inability to secure our son’s future. We are his sole social circle, we are his financial backers, we are his transportation — we are his life. My fears keep me awake at night.

If we don’t have something in place — a plan, a program, a support network — what will happen to my son when I’m gone? Institutionalized, neglected, or worse, homeless, with no love or supports — I need peace of mind and he needs a future.”

The Minister of Revenue, Diane Lebouthillier, and the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)? Probably not your first guess. Yet through their administration of the DTC, our national tax agency is the unlikely gatekeeper of a number of important disability supports in Canada.

In February, Minister Lebouthillier and CRA representatives appeared before the Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology to defend their highly criticized supervision of the DTC — a program that currently fails to reach most Canadians with qualifying disabilities, with take-up estimated to be only around 40 per cent of eligible working-aged adults.

Over the course of the hearings, disability advocates and Senators reiterated a broad range of concerns including poorly defined and interpreted eligibility criteria, a complex application process, opaque appeals channels and the absence of adequate data to monitor the program.

This fractured governance and limited accountability bodes poorly for Canadians with severe disabilities.

While some of these issues can be addressed with more effective administration — for example, the CRA has yet to enforce the bill limiting fees charged by third-party consultants often needed to help Canadians claim DTC, despite the bill being introduced four years ago — others are beyond the scope of the CRA.

Yet it is unclear which ministry is willing to address them. At the heart of this issue is the fragmentation of the governance of disability policy in Canada, leaving no single ministry with appropriate authority, decision-making ability and, importantly, accountability.

The CRA is responsible for administering federal disability tax measures including the DTC and aspects of the RDSP. Finance has purview over the legislation underlying these tax measures (including the eligibility criteria for the DTC) via the Income Tax Act. The Minister for Sports and Persons with Disability is responsible for administrating the grants and bonds associated with RDSPs (for which the DTC is a prerequisite), in addition to its mandate around accessibility and overseeing the Office for Disability Issues.

This fractured governance and limited accountability bodes poorly for Canadians with severe disabilities, a group that faces high levels of unmet needs and significant barriers to accessing education, employment and achieving equal participation in society.

What needs to change?

If we are serious about wanting to improve outcomes for individuals with disabilities — and the federal government should make this a priority — accountability in governance of disability policy in Canada is needed.

A strong and empowered ministry that is directly responsible and accountable for the broad portfolio of disability policy, including both supports and rights-based legislation, is essential. This includes shifting the important task of disability assessment out of the CRA’s purview (and the Income Tax Act) and into a department under the disability ministry’s authority.